Yanayin Girka

	Taswirar Girka Masu haɗari Tasalonika Kavala ---Thasos Iskandariya --Samothrace Corfu Igoumenitsa Larissa Jirgin sama Ioannina Chalcis Ƙafafu Gidan da ke cikin gida Kozani Florina Lamia Arta Agrinio Chania Kalamata Koranti Nafplion Sparta Piraeus Eleusina Lavrion Heraklion M.Olympus (2917 m) Lefkada Kefalonia Zakynthos- Lemnos Lesbos Chios Samos Andros Tinos Mykonos I<i id="mwAYo">caria</i> --Patmos Naxos Milos Santorini--- Kos Rhodes Karpathos Kassos Kythira Gavdos Megisti
	Birane da tsibirai na Girka

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	Yankunan Girka

Girka ƙasa ce a Kudu maso gabashin Turai, a kan Yankin Balkan . ^[1] Yana da iyaka a arewa da Albania, Arewacin Makidoniya da Bulgaria; a gabas da Turkiyya, kuma an kewaye shi a gabas ta Tekun Aegean, a kudu da tekun Crete da Libya, kuma a yamma da Tekun Ionian wanda ya raba Girka da Italiya.

Kasar ta kunshi wani yanki mai tsawo, mai tsaunuka, wanda ke fitowa cikin Bahar Rum a kudancin kudancin Balkans, da ƙananan yankuna biyu da ke fitowa daga gare ta: Chalkidiki da Peloponnese, wanda Isthmus na Koranti ya haɗu da yankin. Girka kuma tana da tsibirai da yawa, masu girma daban-daban, mafi girma shine tsibirin Crete, Euboea, Lesvos, Rhodes, Chios, Kefalonia, da Corfu; kungiyoyin ƙananan tsibirai sun haɗa da Dodecanese da Cyclades. A cewar CIA World Factbook, Girka tana da kilomita 13,676 (8,498 na bakin teku, mafi girma a cikin Bahar Rum.^[2]

Girka ta latitude ta kasance daga 35 ° N zuwa 42 ° N da kuma longitude daga 19 ° E zuwa 28 ° E. A sakamakon wannan da yanayin jikinta, ƙasar tana da bambancin yanayi.

Yanayin jiki

Girka tana cikin Kudu maso Gabashin Turai, iyaka da Tekun Ionian da Tekun Bahar Rum. Kasar ce mai tsibirin, tare da tsibirin tsibirai kusan 3,000.

Yana da jimlar yanki na km2 sq , ^[2] wanda yankin ƙasa ya kai 130,647 km2 kuma ruwan ciki (kogi da koguna) ya kai 1,310 km2. Yankin ƙasa tare da Albania (212 km), Arewacin Makidoniya (234 km), Bulgaria (472 km) da Turkiyya (192 km) suna auna kusan 1,110 km gabaɗaya. Daga cikin jimlar yankin ƙasar, 83.33% ko 110,496 square kilometres (42,663 sq mi) km2 sq mi) yanki ne na ƙasa kuma sauran 16.67% ko 21,461 square kilometres (8,286 sq mi) km2 sq mi) yankin tsibirin ne. Yana da yanki na tattalin arziki na musamman na 505,572 square kilometres (195,202 sq mi) km2 sq mi) wanda shine mafi girma na 53.^[3]

Greece's coastline measures 13,676 kilometres (8,498 mi).^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}^{[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span>]}

Kashi 80% na Girka dutse ne. Tsawon tsaunukan Pindus ya ta'allaka ne a tsakiyar kasar a wata hanya daga arewa maso yamma zuwa kudu maso gabas, tare da tsayin tsayin mita 2,637. Tsawon tsaunuka guda ɗaya ya shimfiɗa a kan Peloponnese da ƙarƙashin ruwa a fadin Aegean, wanda ya samar da yawancin tsibiran Aegean ciki har da Crete, da haɗuwa da tsaunin Taurus na kudancin Turkiyya. Tsakiyar Tsakiya da yammacin Girka sun ƙunshi kololuwa masu tsayi da tudu waɗanda yawancin canyons da sauran wurare na karstic suka haɗu, gami da Meteora da Vikos Gorges - na ƙarshen shine mafi zurfin kogin duniya gwargwadon faɗinsa, kuma na uku mafi zurfi bayan Canyon Copper a Mexico da Grand Canyon a Amurka, yana faɗuwa a tsaye don fiye da mita 1,100..

Dutsen Olympus shine mafi girman matsayi a Girka, Na 7 mafi girma kuma Na 9th mafi shahararren dutse a cikin ƙasar Turai (tare da Gerlachovský štít da gami da Großglockner a matsayin dutse daban), yana tashi zuwa 2,917 m sama da matakin teku. Duwatsun Rhodope sun kafa iyaka tsakanin Girka da Bulgaria; wannan yankin ya cika da gandun daji masu yawa.

Ana samun filayen a gabashin Thessaly, a tsakiyar Makidoniya da Thrace.

Matsayi mafi tsawo: Dutsen Olympus: 2,917 metres (9,570 ft) ^[2]
Matsayi mafi ƙasƙanci: Epitalio: -6 m (−20 ^[4]

Ƙarƙashin Girka

Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a Girka sune ^[5]

Arewa: ƙauyen Ormenio (42°00′41′′ N, 26°13′15′′ E)
Kudancin: Tsibirin Gavdos (35°48′11′′ N, 24°07′25′′ E)
Gabas: Tsibirin Strongyli (36°06′17′′ N, 29°38′39′′ E)
Yamma: tsibirin Othonoi (40°51′11′′ N, 19°22′41′′ E)

Albarkatun halitta

Girka tana da sanannun ajiyar man fetur, Magnetite, lignite, Bauxite, hydropower, marmara, dutse mai laushi ^[6] Tsohon Helenawa sun yi amfani da dutse mai lalacewa a matsayin kayan gini mai ɗorewa a cikin gine-gine da yawa kamar Parthenon. ^[7] Girka tana da rayuwa mai yawa tare da kifi mai yawa a cikin EEZ.^[3]

Yankin noma: 19.71%
Amfanin gona na dindindin: 8.95%
Sauran: 71.37% (2012 ya kasance)

Biranen Girka, manyan garuruwa, manyan koguna, tsibirai da wuraren binciken archaeological da aka zaɓa.

Ƙasar da ke cikin ƙasa

Babban Girka ya zama mafi kudancin Yankin Balkan tare da ƙarin ƙananan yankuna biyu da ke fitowa daga ciki: Chalkidiki da Peloponnese. Arewacin kasar ya hada da yankunan Makidoniya da Thrace . A kudu babban yankin ya kunshi kuma ya haɗa da yankunan Epirus, Thessaly da Tsakiyar Girka, inda yankin Attica da babban birnin Athens suke. Ƙarin kudu, ƙaramin tsibirin Peloponnese ya rabu da sauran ƙasar Girka ta hanyar Koranti da Saronic Gulfs, amma Isthmus na Koranti ya haɗu da su.

Babban ƙasar Girka ta rufe kusan kashi 80% na jimlar yankin kuma galibi tana da tsaunuka. Babban tsaunin Girka shine tsaunin Pindus, kudancin kudancin Dinaric Alps, wanda ke samar da kashin Girka, yana raba Epirus daga Thessaly da Makidoniya. Dutsen da ya fi tsayi a kasar shine Dutsen Olympus, wanda kuma ya raba Thessaly daga Makidoniya. Babbar tsaunuka ta tashi zuwa 2,918 m sama da matakin teku, yana mai da shi na biyu mafi girma a yankin Balkan bayan Musala a Dutsen Rila.

Yawan tsibirai ya bambanta tsakanin 1,200 da 6,000. Wani adadi da aka ambata akai-akai a cikin jagororin tafiye-tafiye shine tsibirai 1,425 daga cikinsu an ce 166 suna zaune. Kungiyar Yawon Bude Ido ta Girka ta ba da rahoton adadi na 6,000, tare da 227 daga cikinsu mazauna.^[8] Paris Match, duk da haka, ya ɗaga wannan adadin zuwa tsibirai 9,841, daga cikinsu 169 ne kawai ke da rikodin kasancewar mutum. ^[9]

Tsibirin Girka suna da kusan kashi 20% na jimlar ƙasar, kuma sun bambanta sosai a girman da kuma yanayi. Tsibirin mafi girma a kasar shine Tsibirin tsibirai tsibiri, tare da Euboea ta zama ta biyu mafi girma. Sauran manyan tsibirai na Girka sun hada da Rhodes da Lesbos a cikin Tekun Aegean, da Corfu da Cephalonia a cikin Tekin Ionian. Yawancin ƙananan tsibirai na Girka sun samar da rukuni ko sarƙoƙi, galibi ana kiransu tsibirin, tare da sanannun misalai sune Cyclades da Sporades a kudu da tsakiyar Tekun Aegean bi da bi.

Aegean

Tsibirin Tekun Aegean suna tsakanin ƙasar Girka a yamma da arewa, Anatolia a gabas da tsibirin tsibirin tsibiri a kudu. A al'ada, an rarraba tsibirai zuwa rukuni bakwai, daga arewa zuwa kudu:

Tsibirin Arewacin Aegean
Sporades
Euboea
Tsibirin Saronic
Cyclades
Dodecanese (Sporades na Kudu)
Karita

Tsibirin Ionian

Tsibirin Ionia rukuni ne na tsibirai bakwai. Tsibirin arewa guda shida suna kusa da gabar yammacin Girka, a cikin Tekun Ionian. Sauran tsibirin, Kythira, yana kusa da kudancin Peloponnese. Kythira wani bangare ne na Yankin gudanarwa na zamani na Attica, ba tsibirin Ionian ba (Ionioi Nisoi). Tsibirin Ionian sun bambanta da yankin tarihi na Ionia, wanda a yau yana cikin yammacin Turkiyya.

Karita

Crete ita ce tsibiri mafi girma na Girka kuma na biyu mafi girma a Gabashin Bahar Rum, bayan Cyprus. Tsibirin yana da nisan kilomita 260 daga gabas zuwa yamma da kuma kilomita 60 daga arewa zuwa kudu a fadinsa. Tsibirin ya kunkuntar a yankin kusa da Ierapetra, inda fadinsa ya kai kilomita 12 kawai. Crete tana da fadin fili mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 8,336 (3,219 sq mi), tare da bakin tekun kilomita 1046. An kewaye wajen arewa da Tekun Karita. zuwa kudu kusa da Tekun Libya; zuwa yamma ta bakin Tekun Myrtoan; kuma zuwa gabas ta bakin tekun Karpathion. Yana da tazarar kilomita 160 kudu da babban yankin Girka.

Karita tana da alamar tsaunuka da ke tsallakawa daga yamma zuwa gabas, wanda aka kafa ta hanyoyi daban-daban guda uku:

White Mountains ko Lefka Ori (2,452 m);
Yankin Idi (Psiloritis (35°11′N 24°49′E / 35.18°N 24.82°E / 35.-18; 24.82) 2,456 m);
Dutsen Dikti (2,148 m)

Wadannan sun hada da filayen da ke da kyau, kamar Lasithi, Omalos da Nidha; koguna kamar Diktaion da Idaion; da kuma gorges kamar Samariya Gorge. Yankin da aka kare na Samariá Gorge shine gidan akuya na Crete, ko kri-kri, yayin da gaggafa mai haɗari ko lammergeyer ke zaune a cikin tsaunuka da gorges na Crete.

Crete (NASA photograph)

Muhalli

Girka ƙasa ce mafi yawan tsaunuka tare da tsaunuka masu tsawo, cike da tsibirai da tsibamba.

Yanayin yanayi na iya kasancewa daga sanyi mai sanyi zuwa gandun daji mai sanyi.

Hadarin halitta na Girka sun hada da girgizar ƙasa mai tsanani, ambaliyar ruwa, fari da gobarar daji. Batutuwan muhalli na yanzu a Girka sun haɗa da gurɓataccen iska da gurɓatar ruwa.

Yanayin Girka yana da sauƙi. Yanayin Bahar Rum yana da yawa a bakin tekun da tsibirai, kuma yanayin nahiyar mai ƙarfi yana da yawa ga dukkan yankunan tsaunuka na ciki. Lokacin bazara yana da zafi kuma ya bushe kuma hunturu yana da sanyi da zafi.^[2] Lokacin bazara ba shi da ruwan sama kuma kusan lokacin da ba shi da girgije yana da kimanin watanni uku. A watan Yuli da Agusta, yawan zafin jiki yawanci yana tashi zuwa kusan 30-35 ° C har ma sama da 40 ° C. A gabashin kasar kuma musamman a cikin tsibirin, iska mai sanyaya ta Etesian tana hurawa a lokacin rani, amma a manyan birane kamar Athens zai iya zama mai zafi sosai. Iska na iya zama mai ƙarfi sosai a wasu lokuta, wanda ke sa tafiya ta yi wuya.

Wani fasali na musamman na yanayin Girka shine yawan adadin rana. Yana samuwa na tsawon sa'o'i shida ko da a cikin hunturu, kuma har zuwa sa'o'i 12-13 a rana a lokacin rani. Ruwan sama ya fi yawa a lokacin sanyi. Ana iya samun dusar ƙanƙara a ko'ina a ƙasar Girka, amma ba kasafai ake samun sa ba a cikin tsibirai. A cikin ƙananan wurare, dusar ƙanƙara ba ta taɓa zama a ƙasa fiye da kwana 1 ba. A saman tsaunuka mafi tsayi, dusar ƙanƙara ta kasance cikin lokacin rani. Lokacin bazara da kaka gajere ne tsakanin yanayi lokacin da yanayi ya canza.^[10]^[11]

Wutar daji mai yawa tana haifar da matsaloli kusan kowace shekara a ƙarshen lokacin rani. Wani lokaci suna haifar da yaduwar kwashewa har ma da mutuwar.